Politics is a multifaceted concept that encompasses the making, implementation, and oversight of decisions related to the governance of a society. Derived from the Greek word “politika,” meaning “city management,” politics today covers not only governmental activities but also all decision-making processes that lie at the intersection of power, interest, ideology, strategy, and public good.
Basic Definition of the Political Concept
Politics refers to the decisions and implementations made to maintain the internal and external order of a country, society, or institution. These decisions generally include:
- Legislation (making laws)
- Executive (administration and execution)
- Judiciary (legal oversight)
Apart from states, corporations, NGOs, and even individuals may develop political preferences and strategies on different scales.
Functions of Politics
The main goal of politics is to ensure that a society is governed in an orderly, just, and sustainable way. Political systems:
- Determine the distribution of resources
- Define individual rights and freedoms
- Regulate public services
- Develop strategies to prevent or resolve crises
Additionally, politics is a field where different views compete, reconcile, or clash. In this aspect, it is closely intertwined with political science.
Types of Politics
Politics appears in many different forms:
- State politics: Includes decisions on economics, society, foreign relations, and security at the national level.
- Party politics: Refers to strategies and promises shaped by the ideologies of political parties.
- Institutional politics: Rules and approaches related to the internal functioning of private or public organizations.
- International politics: Encompasses interstate relations, diplomatic activities, and global collaborations.
Difference Between Politics and Political Science
Although often used interchangeably, these two concepts are different:
- Political science refers more to the activities related to obtaining and maintaining political power.
- Politics is a broader concept, encompassing both political strategies and their implementation.
The Role of Politics in Society
Politics enables the making of decisions that affect all areas of society, from education to health, economy to security. Therefore:
- The public being informed,
- The freedom to express diverse opinions,
- The formation of a participatory democratic environment
are of critical importance for social peace and development.
Political participation can take many forms, such as voting in elections, joining political parties, or engaging in social movements.
Conclusion
Politics is a decision-making and governance mechanism that directly affects individuals and societies. Its meaning and scope have expanded over time, moving beyond just state governance to penetrate all areas of social and economic life. An effective, just, and participatory political system forms the foundation of a more livable society—not just for those in power, but for every individual.
